- Отрасли: Education
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Redemption certificates pardoning persons from punishment in the afterlife that were being sold by the Roman Catholic church. Martin Luther particularly condemned this practice in his Ninety five Theses, in bringing on the Protestant Reformation.
Industry:History
In an effort to entice English subjects to the colonies, parties would offer legal bonded contracts that would exchange the cost of passage across the Atlantic for up to seven years of labor in America. Indenture contracts also required masters to provide food, clothing, farm tools, and sometimes land when the term of bonded service had expired, thus allowing former servants the opportunity to gain full economic independence in America.
Industry:History
During the early nineteenth century, reformers succeeded in restricting imprisonment of debtors.
Industry:History
The British practice of seizing seamen from American merchant ships and forcing them to serve in the British navy. Impressment was one of the causes of the War of 1812.
Industry:History
The view that the national govemment's powers are not limited to those stated explicitly in the U. S. Constitution.
Industry:History
Defined by historian Donald Worster as "a social order based on the intensive manipulation of water and its products in an arid setting," it characterized the irrigated societies of the modern West, allowing for agricultural productivity and a massive demographic shift westward.
Industry:History
The British tried to execute this strategy early in the War for American Independence but never successfully implemented it. The idea was to gain control of the Hudson River-Lake Champlain corridor running north from New York City and south from Montreal, Canada. Had they done so, the effect would have been to cut off New England, the initial center of rebellion, from the rest of the colonies. New England could then have been reconquered in detail. The failure to coordinate the movements of British forces in 1776 and 1777 resulted in the capture of John Burgoyne's army at Saratoga, New York, in October 1m, which ended any attempt to snuff out the rebellion by retaking New England.
Industry:History
Shanty towns of the Great Depression, named after President Herbert Hoover.
Industry:History
The early nineteenth century's leading educational reformer, Mann led the fight for government support for public schools in Massachusetts.
Industry:History
Investigated subversive right and left wing movements. During the Cold War, it was best known for its two investigations of the American film industry.
Industry:History
