- Отрасли: NGO
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The United Nations Organization (UNO), or simply United Nations (UN), is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and the achieving of world peace.
Chemical, biological and physical contamination of indoor air. It may result in adverse health effects. In developing countries, the main source of indoor air pollution is biomass smoke which contains suspended particulate matter (SPM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In industrialized countries, in addition to NO2, CO, and formaldehyde, radon, asbestos, mercury, human-made mineral fibres, volatile organic compounds, allergens, tobacco smoke, bacteria and viruses are the main contributors to indoor air pollution.
Industry:Environment
1. In the SNA, changes in assets that are not economic transactions and are thus recorded outside the production (supply and use) accounts. Include changes in non-produced natural assets such as discoveries, natural growth, depletion and degradation of natural assets, and natural disasters or war that may affect produced and non-produced assets; 2. In the SEEA, depletion and degradation of natural assets are shifted from other volume changes as cost into the production accounts and as capital consumption into the accumulation/asset accounts. All other changes in asset volume remain as other volume changes in the asset accounts.
Industry:Environment
Process capable of reducing specific constituents in waste water not normally achieved by other treatment options. It covers all unit operations that are not considered to be mechanical or biological, for example, chemical coagulation, flocculation and precipitation, break-point chlorination, stripping, mixed-media filtration, micro-screening, selective ion exchange, activated carbon adsorption, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and electroflotation. Advanced treatment processes may be used in conjunction with mechanical and biological treatment operations. See also biological treatment technology and mechanical treatment technology.
Industry:Environment
Conference held in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro (also referred to as the Earth Summit). The Conference adopted the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (United Nations, 1993b), an action plan termed Agenda 21 (United Nations, 1993b) and the Non-legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of All Types of Forests (Forest Principles) (United Nations, 1993b). The Conference also presented for signature by Governments the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (United Nations, 1992) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (UNEP, 1992).
Industry:Environment
The farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some sort of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators and so forth. It also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated. For statistical purposes, aquatic organisms which are harvested by an individual or corporate body which has owned them throughout their rearing period contribute to aquaculture while aquatic organisms which are exploitable by the public as a common property resource, with or without appropriate licences, are the harvest of fisheries. See also produced natural assets and economic assets.
Industry:Environment
1. Proved reserves are such quantities of mineral deposits, at a specific date, as analysis of geological engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in the future under the same economic and operational conditions. 2. Probable (indicated) reserves are the estimated quantity and grade of a mineralized body for which sufficient information on continuity, extent, grade, operating and capital costs, etc. is available on the basis of a study indicating an economically viable operation at long-term forecast average mining prices. 3. Established (demonstrated) resources are the sum of (1) and (2). 4. Possible (inferred) resources are resources for which quantitative estimates are based largely on broad knowledge of the geological character of the deposit and for which there are few, if any, samples of measurements.
Industry:Environment
1. Market price valuation applied in national accounts; 2. Value of natural resources and of their depletion and degradation, imputed in environmental accounting and estimated on the basis of expected market returns. Methods applied, in the absence of market prices of natural assets, include (a) the net present value of future net returns from natural asset use, (b) the net price method which determines the unit asset value as the difference between market price of a raw material minus its unit exploitation cost (including a normal return to the produced capital invested) and (c) the user cost allowance, i.e. the difference between the finite net returns from the sales of an exhaustible asset during the accounting period and "true" income remaining after investing the allowance during the lifetime of the asset so as to penetrate a permanent income stream. See also discounting (of natural assets) and Hotelling rent.
Industry:Environment
Assets recorded in the balance sheets of conventional national accounts. The 1993 System of National Accounts (Commission of the European Communities and others, 1993) defines economic assets as entities (a) over which ownership rights are enforced by institutional units, individually or collectively and (b) from which economic benefits may be derived by their owners by holding or using them over a period of time. Economic natural assets can be produced assets such as agricultural products or non-produced assets such as land, mineral deposits or forests in the wilderness. In the SEEA, economic non-produced natural assets are defined more broadly, including also those natural resources which are currently exploitable, or likely to be so, for economic purposes, even if no explicit ownership or control is currently exerted over these resources (e.g. fish in the oceans, or commercially exploitable timber in tropical forests). See also cultivated natural assets, non-produced assets and environmental assets.
Industry:Environment
Cuprate (von lateinisch cuprum für Kupfer) sind chemische Verbindungen, die ein kupferhaltiges Anion enthalten. Cuprate sind seit Jahrhunderten bekannt und sie sind in anorganischer und organischer Chemie weit verbreitet. Doch das Interesse an ihnen hat sich seit 1986, nach der Entdeckung der Hochtemperatursupraleiter in einem Lanthan-Barium-Kupferoxid durch Georg Bednorz und Karl Müller, erhöht. [1] Zwischen 1986 und 2001 wurden mehr als 100.000 wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, die von Supraleitungen in Cupraten handelten, veröffentlicht [2] und Bednorz und Müller wurden nur ein Jahr nach ihrer Entdeckung, mit dem Nobelpreis für Physik ausgezeichnet. [3] Von 1986 bis 2008 waren fast alle bekannten Hochtemperatursupraleiter, Supraleiter aus Cupraten. Der höchste bestätigte Umgebungsdruck , suptaleitende Sprungtemperatur(Tc) betrug 135 K in einem überlagerten Cuprate HgBa2Ca2Cu3Ox und wurde 1993 erreicht. [4] [5]
Industry:Inorganic chemicals
