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The removable top section of a reactor pressure vessel. It is bolted in place during power operation and removed during refueling to permit access of fuel handling equipment to the core.
Industry:Energy
Any given absorber that will reduce the intensity of an original beam of ionizing radiation to one-half of its initial value.
Industry:Energy
The time required for the activity of a particular radioisotope deposited in a living organism, such as a human or an animal, to be reduced by 50 percent as a result of the combined action of radioactive decay and biological elimination. Effective half-life is related to, but different from, the radiological half-life and the biological half-life.
Industry:Energy
The time in which one half of the atoms of a particular radioactive substance disintegrate into another nuclear form. Measured half-lives vary from millionths of a second to billions of years. Also called physical or radiological half-life.
Industry:Energy
The time required for the body to eliminate one half of the material taken in by natural biological means.
Industry:Energy
The maximum amount of electricity that the main generating unit of a nuclear power reactor can reliably produce during the summer or winter (usually summer, but whichever represents the most restrictive seasonal conditions, with the least electrical output). The dependable capacity varies during the year because temperature variations in cooling water affect the unit’s efficiency. Thus, this is the gross electrical output as measured (in watts unless otherwise noted) at the output terminals of the turbine generator.
Industry:Energy
The total amount of electric energy produced by a generating station as measured at the generator terminals.
Industry:Energy
The ratio of the gross electricity generated, for the time considered, to the energy that could have been generated at continuous full-power operation during the same period.
Industry:Energy
One of the two units used to measure the amount of radiation absorbed by an object or person, known as the absorbed doses which reflects the amount of energy that radioactive sources (with any type of ionizing radiation) deposit in materials (e.g., water, tissue, air) through which they pass. One gray (Gy) is the international system of units (SI) equivalent of 100 rads, which is equal to an absorbed dose of 1 Joule/kilogram. An absorbed dose of 0. 01 Gy means that 1 gram of material absorbed 100 ergs of energy (a small but measurable amount) as a result of exposure to radiation. For additional information, see Doses in Our Daily Lives and Measuring Radiation.
Industry:Energy
A form of carbon, similar to that used in pencils, used as a moderator in some nuclear reactors.
Industry:Energy
