- Отрасли: Government
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The United States Army Corps of Engineers is a federal agency with a mission to provide vital public engineering services in peace and war to strengthen the nation's security, energize the economy, and reduce risks from disasters. It is also a major U.S. Army organization employing some 38,000 ...
A tidal current that flows alternately in approximately opposite directions with a slack water at each reversal of direction. Currents of this type usually occur in rivers and straits where the direction of flow is more or less restricted to certain channels. When the movement is towards the shore, the current is said to be flooding, and when in the opposite direction it is said to be ebbing.
Industry:Engineering
Hypohurricane estimates based on various logical combinations of hurricane characteristics used in estimating hurricane surge magnitudes corresponding to a range of probabilities and potentialities. The standard project hurricane is most commonly used for this purpose, but estimates corresponding to more severe or less severe assumptions are important in some project investigations.
Industry:Engineering
The difference in height between consecutive high and low waters. The mean range is the difference between mean high water and mean low water. The great diurnal range or diurnal range is the difference in height between mean higher high water (MHHW) and mean lower low water (MLLW). Where the type of tide is diurnal, the mean range is the same as the diurnal range.
Industry:Engineering
Warm equatorial water which flows southward along the coast of Peru and Ecuador during February and March of certain years. It is caused by poleward motions of air and unusual water temperature patterns in the Pacific Ocean, which cause coastal downwelling, leading to the reversal in the normal north-flowing cold coastal currents. During many El Niño years, storms, rainfall, and other meteorological phenomena in the Western Hemisphere are measurably different than during non-El Niño years.
Industry:Engineering
(1) In beach terminology, the comparatively flat zone of variable width, extending from the shoreface to the edge of the continental shelf. It is continually submerged. (2) The direction seaward from the shore. (3) The zone beyond the nearshore zone where sediment motion induced by waves alone effectively ceases and where the influence of the sea bed on wave action is small in comparison with the effect of wind. (4) The breaker zone directly seaward of the low tide line.
Industry:Engineering
(1) The material moving in suspension in a fluid, kept up by the upward components of the turbulent currents or by colloidal suspension.
(2) The material collected in or computed from samples collected with a suspended load sampler. Where it is necessary to distinguish between the two meanings given above, the first one may be called the "true suspended load."
Industry:Engineering
A beach area that is now and will continue to receive sufficient sediment input over a long period (years or decades) to remain stable. Such sediment input can be through either natural supplies of sediment or various forms of mechanical beach nourishment (placement by hydraulic dredge, land haul of material, nearshore deposition, etc.)
Industry:Engineering
Along coasts with obliquely approaching waves there is a longshore (wave-driven) current. For this current, one can define an upstream and a downstream direction. For example, on a beach with an orientation west-east, the sea is to the north. Suppose the waves come from NW, then the current flows from West to East. Here, upstream is west of the observer, and east is downstream of the observer.
Industry:Engineering
(1) Commonly, water of such a depth that surface waves are noticeably affected by bottom topography. It is customary to consider water of depths less than one-half the surface wavelength as shallow water.
(2) More strictly, in hydrodynamics with regard to progressive gravity waves, water in which the depth is less than 1/25 the wavelength.
Industry:Engineering
(1) Loose, fragments of rocks, minerals or organic material which are transported from their source for varying distances and deposited by air, wind, ice and water. Other sediments are precipitated from the overlying water or form chemically, in place. Sediment includes all the unconsolidated materials on the sea floor.
(2) The fine grained material deposited by water or wind.
Industry:Engineering
