- Отрасли: Art history
- Number of terms: 11718
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亂蓬蓬的植物纖維製成表形成要麼由 （傳統） 的手或機器 (現代)。手工紙製作了乾燥紙漿生產的棉或亞麻破布在水中，敲打電線盤。薄紙張生產的這些電線的線均可見 '放' 的檔中。'織' 的紙，在十八世紀中期，開發是由留下更加光滑的表面和不可見的行與緊密編織金屬絲網託盤。演出者使用兩個手工和機器製造紙，雖然手工製作通常用於版畫。紙傳統上說，在西元二世紀，中國在發明，但不是在歐洲直到十二世紀。
Industry:Art history
紙糊 collé (粘貼紙) 是一個具體形式，是比繪畫更接近繪圖的拼貼畫。立體派畫家喬治 · 勃拉首次使用它時他已經被粘貼到白色紙上的仿製木紋紙上畫。布拉克和巴勃羅畢卡索提出了若干的證件 collés 在 1912 年最後三個月和早期 1913 年，在與畢卡索代青睞的布拉克與從 Le 日報頁在日常生活中的現實引入圖片的嘗試的木紋紙。當他于 1912 年的吉他畢卡索也成三維組合開發紙糊 collé 的想法。
Industry:Art history
通常指青銅雕塑不同綠色或褐色表面層。由大氣或天氣的氧化作用或人工由化學品的應用程式，可以自然創建鏽。幾乎所有的青銅雕塑已銹蝕的一種方式或其他但頓談布朗庫西拋光他青銅器透露美麗的天然黃金色的金屬。
Industry:Art history
歷史上，已作出申請作出的切割的大羽毛，空心莖如鵝或一隻天鵝，一隻鳥從創建筆尖一根羽毛筆墨蹟繪圖。空心蘆葦也被剪切方式相同，用於書寫和繪圖。金屬筆成功在十九世紀的那支筆。鋼筆和墨水常用的結合其他技術如洗。（請參閱油墨）。
Industry:Art history
A pendant picture is one of two pictures designed to hang together as a matching pair. Pendant means hanging, and the term seems to originate in the idea of one hanging from the other—i. E. Attached to the other. In practice pendant pairs of pictures were usually displayed on either side of a fireplace, or even a door. They are usually the same size and of subjects that are basically similar but differ in detail. Pendant pairs are often husband and wife portraits. Pendant pairs were not always conceived as such—buyers of a one-off picture would sometimes ask the artist to paint a pendant.
Industry:Art history
演出者社會成立于 1948 年在聖艾夫斯、 歌和老街、 英國。它是發展的演出者的殖民地的聖艾夫斯內現代和抽象藝術歷史的一部分。Penwith 社會成立由抽象演出者打破從聖艾夫斯社會的演出者，這為他們太保守了。他們已經形成裂片土窖組內聖艾夫斯社會，但到 1988 年認為有需要完全分離。Penwith Society 的創始人是 Barbara Hepworth 和本 · 尼科爾森一起，土窖組，包括彼得 Lanyon，發揮了突出作用。他們邀請著名評論家和現代藝術，赫伯特 · 讀的一名支援者要將他們的總統。
Industry:Art history
Art in which the medium is the artist's own body and the artwork takes the form of actions performed by the artist. Performance art has origins in Futurism and Dada, but became a major phenomenon in the 1960s and 1970s and can be seen as a branch of Conceptual art. In Germany and Austria it was known as Actionism. An important influence on the emergence of Performance was the photographs of the Abstract Expressionist painter Jackson Pollock making his so-called action paintings, taken in 1950 by the photographer Hans Namuth. Performance art had its immediate origins in the more overtly theatrical Happenings organised by Allan Kaprow and others in New York in the late 1950s. By the mid 1960s this theatrical element was being stripped out by early Performance artists such as Vito Acconci and Bruce Nauman. In Europe the German artist Joseph Beuys was a hugely influential pioneer of Performance art, making a wide impact with his 'actions' from 1963 on. These were powerful expressions of the pain of human existence, and complex allegories of social and political issues and man's relationship to nature. In Britain the artist duo Gilbert & George made highly original Performance works from 1969. A major problem for early Performance artists was the ephemeral nature of the medium. Right from the start performance pieces were recorded in photography, film and video, and these eventually became the primary means by which Performance reached a wide public.
Industry:Art history
A system for representing objects in three-dimensional space (i. E. For representing the visible world) on the two-dimensional surface of a picture. Basic, or linear perspective, was invented in Italy in the early fifteenth century and first developed by the painter Paolo Uccello. Perspective rests on the fact that although parallel lines never meet, they appear to do so as they get further away from the viewer towards the horizon, where they disappear. The sides of a road, or later, railway lines, are obvious examples. In painting all parallel lines, such as the roof line and base line of a building, are drawn so as to meet at the horizon if they were extended. This creates the illusion of distance, and the point at which the lines meet is called the vanishing point. Things look smaller the further away they are, and perspective enabled painters accurately and consistently to calculate the size things should be in relation to their supposed distance from the viewpoint. Early perspective systems used a single fixed viewpoint with a single vanishing point. Later, multiple vanishing points were introduced which enabled a much more naturalistic representation of a scene to be made, because it was closer to the way we actually see, that is, from two eyes which are in constant motion. Atmospheric, or aerial perspective, creates the sense of distance in a painting by utilising the fact that the atmosphere appears more blue in the distance.
Industry:Art history
