- Отрасли: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
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NaCl solid particles that have a specified minimum and maximum range of particle sizes and may also have a specified distribution of sizes. Sized salt is used as a bridging agent in saturated saltwater systems used as drill-in, workover and completion fluids. Sized salt can positively seal permeable zones by plugging pores at the wellbore face. It is a preferred bridging agent because it can be dissolved by low-salinity water treatment to clean up the zone afterwards.
Industry:Oil & gas
Влажность (водяного пара) в газовой атмосфере, таких, как воздух. Это количественно как относительная влажность воздуха.
Industry:Oil & gas
Mathematical relationship between the densities and the corresponding volumes of mixtures of liquid-solid slurries and clear fluid blends, such as drilling muds and completion fluids. Assumptions are: (1) masses and volumes of components are additive and (2) material is neither generated nor lost from the system. As a simple example, below are the two material-balance equations for a three-component mixture of oil (o), water (w) and solids (s), where V = volume percent, D = specific density and MW = mixture weight. (This could represent a simple, weighted oil-base mud formulation. )<p>MW = DsVs + DoVo + DwVw<br>100% = Vs + Vo + Vw. </p>By solving these equations simultaneously, an unknown parameter can be found if other parameters are known or can be estimated accurately. Material-balance equations are used to derive formulations of muds, to calculate the amount of barite needed to weight-up a mud, to determine the amount of water needed to dilute a mud, and to find the volume of two or more muds to mix together to achieve a new mud weight and volume. Material balance is also the basis for calculating solids content of muds based on mud testing data.
Industry:Oil & gas
Материалы, особенно рок масс, которые в их нынешнем месте и не были доставлены. Неисправности поверхности можно отделить коренных пород от камни аллохтонных, хотя некоторые камни аллохтонных четко разграничены по их различные композиции.
Industry:Oil & gas
Large-diameter pipe lowered into an openhole and cemented in place. The well designer must design casing to withstand a variety of forces, such as collapse, burst, and tensile failure, as well as chemically aggressive brines. Most casing joints are fabricated with male threads on each end, and short-length casing couplings with female threads are used to join the individual joints of casing together, or joints of casing may be fabricated with male threads on one end and female threads on the other. Casing is run to protect fresh water formations, isolate a zone of lost returns or isolate formations with significantly different pressure gradients. The operation during which the casing is put into the wellbore is commonly called "running pipe. " Casing is usually manufactured from plain carbon steel that is heat-treated to varying strengths, but may be specially fabricated of stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, fiberglass and other materials.
Industry:Oil & gas
Large capacity self-locking wrenches used to grip drillstring components and apply torque. The breakout tongs are the active tongs during breakout operations. A similar set of tongs is tied off to a deadline anchor during breakout operations to provide backup to the connection, not unlike the way a plumber uses two pipe wrenches in an opposing manner to tighten or loosen water pipes, except that breakout tongs are much larger.
Industry:Oil & gas
Large-capacity, self-locking wrenches used to grip drillstring components and apply torque. As with opposing pipe wrenches for a plumber, the tongs must be used in opposing pairs. As a matter of efficiency, one set of tongs is essentially tied off with a cable or chain to the derrick, and the other is actively pulled with mechanical catheads. The breakout tongs are the active tongs during breakout (or loosening) operations. The makeup tongs are active during makeup (or tightening) operations.
Industry:Oil & gas
Jargon referring to the two gel-strength values for a mud. The 10-second and 10-minute "gels," often written as one number over the other. For example, 6/16 means 6 lb/100 ft<sup>2</sup> and is 10-second gel, and 16 lb/100 ft<sup>2</sup> is the 10-minute gel.
Industry:Oil & gas
Внутри или внутренний диаметр. Обсадные, НКТ и бурильной трубы обычно описаны по внутренний диаметр и наружный диаметр (OD).
Industry:Oil & gas
В исходном месте или позиции такие как большое обнажение, не был нарушен разломов или оползни. Тесты могут выполняться на месте в водоеме для определения давления и температуры.
Industry:Oil & gas
