- Отрасли: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
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A method of thermal recovery in which hot water is injected into a reservoir through specially distributed injection wells. Hot waterflooding reduces the viscosity of the crude oil, allowing it to move more easily toward production wells. <br><br>Hot waterflooding, also known as hot water injection, is typically less effective than a steam-injection process because water has lower heat content than steam. Nevertheless, it is preferable under certain conditions such as formation sensitivity to fresh water.
Industry:Oil & gas
A method of thermal recovery in which a well is injected with steam and then subsequently put back on production. A cyclic steam-injection process includes three stages. The first stage is injection, during which a slug of steam is introduced into the reservoir. The second stage, or soak phase, requires that the well be shut in for several days to allow uniform heat distribution to thin the oil. Finally, during the third stage, the thinned oil is produced through the same well. The cycle is repeated as long as oil production is profitable. <br><br>Cyclic steam injection is used extensively in heavy-oil reservoirs, tar sands, and in some cases to improve injectivity prior to steamflood or in situ combustion operations. <br><br>Cyclic steam injection is also called steam soak or the huff 鈥榥鈥?puff (slang) method.
Industry:Oil & gas
A method of thermal recovery in which fire is generated inside the reservoir by injecting a gas containing oxygen, such as air. A special heater in the well ignites the oil in the reservoir and starts a fire. <br><br>The heat generated by burning the heavy hydrocarbons in place produces hydrocarbon cracking, vaporization of light hydrocarbons and reservoir water in addition to the deposition of heavier hydrocarbons known as coke. As the fire moves, the burning front pushes ahead a mixture of hot combustion gases, steam and hot water, which in turn reduces oil viscosity and displaces oil toward production wells. <br><br>Additionally, the light hydrocarbons and the steam move ahead of the burning front, condensing into liquids, which adds the advantages of miscible displacement and hot waterflooding. <br><br>In situ combustion is also known as fire flooding or fireflood.
Industry:Oil & gas
A method of thermal recovery in which a flame front is generated in the reservoir by igniting a fire at the sandface of an injection well. Continuous injection of air or other gas mixture with high oxygen content will maintain the flame front. As the fire burns, it moves through the reservoir toward production wells. Heat from the fire reduces oil viscosity and helps vaporize reservoir water to steam. The steam, hot water, combustion gas and a bank of distilled solvent all act to drive oil in front of the fire toward production wells.
Industry:Oil & gas
A method of secondary recovery in which water is injected into the reservoir formation to displace residual oil. The water from injection wells physically sweeps the displaced oil to adjacent production wells. Potential problems associated with waterflood techniques include inefficient recovery due to variable permeability, or similar conditions affecting fluid transport within the reservoir, and early water breakthrough that may cause production and surface processing problems.
Industry:Oil & gas
A method of producing a radioactive-tracer log, in which a slug of radioactive material is injected into the flow stream of a production or injection well from one section of a logging tool and observed as it passes one or more gamma ray detectors in another section. The slug, or shot, causes a peak in the gamma ray reading as it passes a detector. The flow velocity is determined from the difference in the time of arrival of the slug at the two detectors, or between ejector and detector. This technique has been applied for many years using radioactive tracers such as iodine. Water-soluble tracers are the most common, but oil- and gas-soluble tracers are also used. <br><br>Velocity-shot measurements are recorded with the tool stationary. They are more accurate than flowmeters at low flow rates, below approximately 100 B/D (16m<sup>3</sup>/d). They are not usually run in production wells because of problems of tracer disposal. In multiphase flow, the tracer most often travels with the continuous phase, thereby giving a type of phase-velocity log.
Industry:Oil & gas
A method of following a trend between points by connecting the data points by segments of a circle such that the segments "line up" with each other smoothly. This method is used to plot out deviation surveys based on a limited number of survey points to find the path of a wellbore.
Industry:Oil & gas
A method of performing stochastic analysis on dynamic data. This method can be used in stochastic simulation of fluid behavior in reservoirs and fields.
Industry:Oil & gas
A method of cluster analysis in which the distance between every pair of data points is determined and the relative distances displayed on a dendogram. This method is completely accurate but is very CPU intensive when the data set has a large number of data points. For large numbers of data points, the k-means method is usually preferred. <br>This method is sometimes used after the data have first been transformed into their principal components. The method is one possible approach to electrofacies calculations.
Industry:Oil & gas
A method of analyzing the response of an induction logging tool that considers the contribution of each element of the formation as a perturbation from the average background conductivity. The development of the solution is similar to the Born approximation in quantum mechanics, since the latter also involves a single scattering. The Born response is valid for modest formation contrasts. The zero-conductivity Born response is identical to the geometrical factor.
Industry:Oil & gas
