- Отрасли: Technology
- Number of terms: 2742
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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) — known between 1901 and 1988 as the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) — is a measurement standards laboratory and a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce. The institute's official mission is to promote U.S. ...
An undirected graph with an edge between every pair of vertices.
Industry:Computer science
An unordered collection of values that may have duplicates. Formal Definition: A bag has a single query function, numberIn(v, B), which tells how many copies of an element are in the bag, and two modifier functions, add(v, B) and remove(v, B). These may be defined with axiomatic semantics as follows. <ol> <li>new() returns a bag <li>numberIn(v, new()) = 0 <li>numberIn(v, add(v, B)) = 1 + numberIn(v, B) <li>numberIn(v, add(u, B)) = numberIn(v, B) if v ≠ u <li>remove(v, new()) = new() <li>remove(v, add(v, B)) = B <li>remove(v, add(u, B)) = add(u, remove(v, B)) if v ≠ u </ol> where B is a bag and u and v are elements.
Industry:Computer science
An unordered collection of values where each value occurs at most once. A group of elements with three properties: (1) all elements belong to a universe, (2) either each element is a member of the set or it is not, and (3) the elements are unordered. Formal Definition: As an abstract data type, a set has a single query function, isIn(v, S), which tells whether an element is a member of the set or not, and two modifier functions, add(v, S) and remove(v, S). These may be defined with axiomatic semantics as follows. <ol> <li>new() returns a set <li>isIn(v, new()) = false <li>isIn(v, add(v, S)) = true <li>isIn(v, add(u, S)) = isIn(v , S) if v ≠ u <li>remove(v, new()) = new() <li>remove(v, add(v, S)) = remove(v, S) <li>remove(v, add(u, S)) = add(u, remove(v, S)) if v ≠ u </ol> where S is a set and u and v are elements.
Industry:Computer science
Any algorithm that makes random (or pseudorandom) choices.
Industry:Computer science
Any algorithm that works for all practical purposes but has a theoretical chance of being wrong.
Industry:Computer science
Any element of the feasible region of an optimization problem.
Industry:Computer science
Any of a set of computational problems with the same bounds (Θ(n)) on time and space, for deterministic and nondeterministic machines.
Industry:Computer science
Any search algorithm that considers neighbors of a vertex, that is, outgoing edges of the vertex's predecessor in the search, before any outgoing edges of the vertex. Extremes are searched last. This is typically implemented with a queue.
Industry:Computer science
Any sort algorithm that uses external memory, such as tape or disk, during the sort. Since most common sort algorithms assume high-speed random access to all intermediate memory, they are unsuitable if the values to be sorted don't fit in main memory.
Industry:Computer science
