- Отрасли: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
As used by C. W. Thornthwaite in his 1948 climatic classification: an index of the degree of water deficit below water need at any given station; a measure of aridity.
It is calculated, independently of the opposite humidity index, as follows:
<center>[[File:ams2001glos-Ae27.gif
Industry:Weather
A relation used to describe the temperature dependence of the rate coefficient for a chemical reaction.
The form of the equation is
<center>[[File:ams2001glos-Ae28.gif
Industry:Weather
Polarization in the clear daytime sky can be quantified by the degree of linear polarization ''P'' and by the vibration ellipse orientation for skylight's polarized component.
For Stokes's parameters, ''I'' (the scattered irradiance), ''Q'', ''U'', and ''V'', skylight's linear polarization ''P'' is
<center>[[File:ams2001glos-Ae29.gif
Industry:Weather
In general, an equation expressing a balance of quantities in the sense that the local or individual rates of change are zero.
More specifically, it is a diagnostic equation expressing a balance between the pressure field and the horizontal field of motion:
<center>[[File:ams2001glos-Be1.gif
Industry:Weather
The state of stratification in a fluid in which surfaces of constant pressure (isobaric) intersect surfaces of constant density (isosteric).
The number, per unit area, of isobaric–isosteric solenoids intersecting a given surface is a measure of the baroclinity. If the surface is horizontal, this number ''N'' is given by
<center>[[File:ams2001glos-Be2.gif
Industry:Weather
An international synoptic code in which selected observable meteorological elements of particular interest to aviation operations are encoded and transmitted in groups (“words”) of five numerical digits in length.
Industry:Weather
An electronic device for quantifying a (typically) continuous-time voltage signal to a numeric discrete-sample sequence. A/D converters are commonly used in imaging systems to convert pixel values to numeric equivalents, in radar systems to convert signal intensity to digital values for subsequent signal processing, and in many other areas of in situ and remote sensing. Important A/D converter characteristics include the number of unique quantization levels (expressed by the number of binary bits in the resulting numeric values) and the speed of quantization.
Industry:Weather
The study of the distribution of living organisms freely suspended in the atmosphere and some consequences of this distribution. It includes microorganisms and some insects, seeds, and spores. Dispersion is by the wind, aided in some species by special adaptations and in some by flight. Small organisms are lifted and maintained in the air by eddy diffusion and rising thermal currents, sometimes reaching heights exceeding 16 km (10 miles) in air currents and by lateral mixing. They may be collected by adhesive-coated slides exposed horizontally, or by culture media, but for quantitative work, volumetric sampling at the surface or by aircraft is required.
Industry:Weather
Reduced contrast of distant objects caused by airlight. In artistic practice, aerial perspective is the painting of this reduced contrast to suggest an object's distance.
Industry:Weather
